Articles by "auto cad 2d"
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1: Absolute Coordinate System

This is the basic system of the drafting used in Autocad. At the main screen of the graphical window, UCS icon is the most important element of this area. UCS stands for User coordinate system and in 2d (2 dimensional) two axis use for drafting. X-axis for horizontal and Y -axis for vertical lines. In 3d (3 dimensional) Z-axis is used for opposite axis against x and y axis.For using absolute coordinate system first you have to know that the origin point or source point which have the value of 0,0 for both x and y axis. First zero is the value of x and after comma the second zero is the value of the y. Most important rule of this system is the direction of the axis. 
In this system if you provide the value of x before comma, horizontal line will be draw and if you provide the second value (y) after the comma, vertical line will be draw. Both time if you draw straight line either in horizontal or vertical one value will be zero, only  when you draw the line in the x or y-axis.This system is only for 2004 Version and previous versions.
 Following figures are examples using absolute coordinate system.
absolute coordinate system autocad

2: Relative Coordinate System

This system is more flexible than absolute coordinate system, due to neglecting the origin point. Just pick any point of the drawing area and start your drawing. This first point will be your origin or source point. In this system neglecting the origin point, @ is added in the command line to provide the values. To understand the directions for x and y axis follow the figure.

relative coordinate system autocad

3: Polar Coordinate System.

Polar coordinate system used in autocad for angular/diagonal values. For Straight lines values for angles will be 0 and 180 for x axis. For straight lines values for angles will be 90 and 270 for y axis. To provide the angles the symbol of less than < is used. In this system only one value is given and angle is provide for direction. This system is very important to draw complex drawings.
To understand how to draw the angles follow the figure.
polar coordinate system autocad

4: Direct Entry Method System

This is the most common and easiest system used for drafting in Autocad. Values are provided through keyboard and direction is guided through the keyboard.
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About autocad and screen introduction
Auto Cad is a unique software used for drafting. Cad is abbreviation of Computer aided design. This software is design and developed by American Company "Autodesk". Its first version was released in 1982.

Graphical Window - Screen Environment


 1: Title Bar
Top bar of the screen of any software is called title bar. It consists of three common tab like close,maximize and minimize.
2: Menu Bar / Drop down List
It consists of Menu and is placed down the title bar. It belongs to the fundamentals of the autocad software.
3: Standard Tool Bar
It is the most common tool bar of every software which have the options like saving,cutting, copping and pasting of the files.
4: Object Property Tool Bar
This bar is related to the object properties like creating layers,changing the color etc of the object.
5: Modify Tool Bar
It is used to change the Drawing elements.
6: Draw Tool Bar
It is the most basic bar of the autocad used to draw primary units. Modify and Draw tool bar are placed in the left sides but you can change there positions.
7: Object snap Tool Bar
This tool bar is basically use to snap the object from the edges,center of the line and snap the round shapes from its center point.
8: Dimension Tool Bar
 This bar is used to Take the dimension of the object or drawings.Both object snap and dimension tool bars are situated at the right side of the graphical window.
9: Drawing Area
The main screen of making a drawing is called drawing area.Its colors are different according the version of the software. In 2004 version its color is black and in 2007 version its color is gray, but you can change its color as well. It consists of Cross Hair cursor and UCS (user coordinate system) icon.
10: Modify and layout tabs
These tab are placed with the horizontal scroll bar, used to plot the drawing.
11; Command Prompt
Its the most important and back bone element of the graphical window. Many  People do not follow the instructions shown in this prompt. Carefully follow step by step after entering the commands.
12: Status Bar
This bar indicates the positions of the all axis such as x for horizontal, y for vertical and z for 3d.
Status bar also have supporting tabs like snap,ortho,grid and polar etc tabs, which are helpful for creating smooth drawings.



  
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It is very important command in autocad. It is helpful to make complicated drawings such as gears, sprakuts, pulleys etc. To use this command you just have to learn its basics. In autocad it has two types.
Rectangular Array.
It is use to arrange rectangular object formation in quick time. After putting your command in the command prompt you just have to pick rectangular array. for further detail please check the drawing.




Polar Array
This command in autocad is most helpful for the designers and draftsmen. For Polar array you need to put right center points and paths. Number of object stands for total rotational objects. Gears, Sprakuts, Pulleys, Flanges bores. etc and other mechanical parts are forms in this command.



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Copy and Move Commands
Common commands used in all programs. In Auto cad it is also used to move or copy the objects from one position to another position.
Rotate Command.
This command in autocad used to rotate the objects, lines, patterns to one direction to another direction. For Rotate an object you have to know about the angles and there positions.
Xplode.
This command is used to break one unit object. Circles, Polygons, Rectangles are the one unit objects.
Fillet and chamfer Commands
Round edges and chamfer edges on the patterns and drawings, these command are used. for fillet command type your radius and select your drawings corners.

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Arc command is used to draw elliptical curves, hemispherical and half rounds on the drawings. It is very useful command for all types of drawings such as civil,mechanical and electrical drawings. To draw arc there are many ways in autocad. details are given below.
3 Point Arc :
It is the easiest way to draw an arc in autocad all versions. You just have to provide 3 basic points.
Start, Center, End.
To draw an arc there is one center point of circle which creates a one forth length of the circle. In this option you have to chose first starting point and chose further by given choices accordingly.

Start,Center,Angle and Length
These are same to use but direction of rotation is different.
Start,End,Angle and Direction
It is draw as same method but you have to chose only end point this time despite of center point.



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formatting of multi line in autocad

Multi line 
This line is used to draw parallel two or more offset ed lines in autocad. Highway road center white line and yellow colored outer lines is the example of multi line. 
Formatting of Multi line
1: Click on the Format tab in menu bar
2: Click on the Multi line Style from the drop down list.
3: Click on the modify tab.
4: After clicking the modify tab another menu box will be appear.
There are three portions and there setting are as follows.
multi lines formatting

(a) Caps
In this portion there are six check buttons, which are used to format multi line start and end round fillets. If you check these buttons round fillets (round circles) will be apply.
Angle can be adjusted by entering the values (Such as 15,30,45,60 degrees etc). First value entry will be appear at the starting point and second value will be appear on the end point.
(b)Fill
This portion is for apply inside color in the multi line. Chose any color and select to apply. Gray color of road is the example.
(c) Elements
In this portion you can format line types, there colors and there offset distance (Parallel line distance). If you want to add more than two lines then click on the add button. 
multi line in autocad

How To Draw Multi line
Click on the draw tab in menu bar. Scroll down the mouse and pick the multi line and pick the start point and navigate your direction through mouse. Every time your formatting multi line will be set according to your format which was set in the formatting multi line style. To draw different multi line, click on the new tab and save the multi line format style.
  


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Construction and ray lines in autocad

Line
The basic and most important element of drawing used in auto cad. Short key of line command is "L".
Every time you enter the short key of any command, follow the instructions in the command bar. When you press " L" in the command bar, message appear in the command bar " specify first point".
Click on any point at the drawing area. Navigate your direction through mouse and enter your required length or click any point. As we know basic definition of line is " the distance between two point is called line.In Auto cad 2004 or previous versions supporting lengths and angle does not appear when you navigate the line's direction.(It does not mean that they does not appear, such information if you want to check, appears on the status bar). In Auto cad 2007 and onward versions provide supporting lengths and angles.
Ray
Ray command is used for making horizontal and vertical lines which are used as a reference lines or extension lines.These lines are helpful to make object which are parallel to each other. If you are draftsman, there are so important to draw objects in first and third angle projection methods. Here you have to draw parallel object side,front and top views. To draw ray lines follow the given instructions.
Click on the draw menu, from drop down list select the ray command.
Specify start point. (provide the reference point from where ray line should start.)
Specify through point (provide direction and click from there)
Construction Line
Method to draw construction line is same with ray line, but construction line have both sides extension. These extend lines can be trim after completing the object. These lines are also can be drawn either in vertical or horizontal axis.(or you can draw in diagonal axis.)
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basic drawing elements

Drawing is the language of the engineer and lines are the alphabets of the language. Every line describes it self its function. In auto cad lines are used to draw the object outline and other functional lines. For Detail of lines, their types and their function to read click here.
To Set the different kinds of lines in autocad follow the instruction as below.
Step 1: 
Click on the by layer tab, drop down list will be appear. Here you will see that only two to four lines already exists. For load more lines click on the other
.
Step 2 :
 Another menu will be appear, here click on the load button and select any line you want.



Step 3:

These selected line will be appear in the by layer tabs. Now pick the lines which you want to apply in the drawing. 
Step 4: 
Then chose from by layer menu line type and click it to apply. Chose any color from the color menu and apply your drawing and your drawing will be completed.

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